Analysis of findings of ear, nose, and throat exam of some freshmen in military college entrance examination in Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the ear, nose, and throat exam of some freshmen in the military college entrance examination in Shandong Province in 2020 and to facilitate adolescent targeted health promotion.@*Methods@#The 1 411 freshmen participating in the military college entrance examination in Jinan, Zibo and Weifang of Shandong Province were included. The ear, nose, and throat exam were performed by professionals using electric otoscope, 5 meter whispering test, and front rhinoscope.@*Results@#Nasal septal deviation and hypertrophy of inferior turbinate accounted for the highest proportion. Among 489 cases of nasal septum deviation, the detection rate of Jinan (15.97%) was significantly lower than that of Weifang (43.60%) and Zibo (46.53%) ( χ 2=63.32， P <0.05). For deviation of nasal septum, the detection rate in students with urban residence (31.53%) was significantly lower than that of rural students (39.03%) ( χ 2=4.11， P <0.05). Seventy two cases of inferior turbinate hyperplasia were detected, and the detection rate in Jinan (2.99%) was significantly lower than that in Weifang (6.51%) and Zibo (6.04%) ( χ 2=6.63， P <0.05). The detection rate of tonsil hypertrophy was significantly lower in boys (4.63%), students from urban area (3.94%), compared with that of girls(9.56%) and rural students (6.70%) ( χ 2=5.35，4.86， P <0.05). In pharyngeal examination, tonsil hyperplasia was the most common condition of enlarged tonsils ( n =214), which was significantly higher in Jinan(22.36%) than that of Weifang (11.71 %) and Zibo (10.74%) ( χ 2=22.39， P <0.05), and was significantly lower in boys (14.38%) and rural students (12.40%) than that in girls (22.79%) and urban students (17.24%) ( χ 2=4.70，4.65， P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Nasal septum deviation and tonsil hypertrophy are the most prevalent upper airway diseases among freshmen participating in the military college entrance examination. Prevention and treatment of nasopharynx diseases should be emphasized.

Resveratrol and Sir2 Reverse Sleep and Memory Defects Induced by Amyloid Precursor Protein / 神经科学通报·英文版

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, has been suggested as a putative anti-aging molecule for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the activation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1/Sir2). In this study, we tested the effects of RES and Sirt1/Sir2 on sleep and courtship memory in a Drosophila model by overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose duplications and mutations cause familial AD. We found a mild but significant transcriptional increase of Drosophila Sir2 (dSir2) by RES supplementation for up to 17 days in APP flies, but not for 7 days. RES and dSir2 almost completely reversed the sleep and memory deficits in APP flies. We further demonstrated that dSir2 acts as a sleep promotor in Drosophila neurons. Interestingly, RES increased sleep in the absence of dSir2 in dSir2-null mutants, and RES further enhanced sleep when dSir2 was either overexpressed or knocked down in APP flies. Finally, we showed that Aβ aggregates in APP flies were reduced by RES and dSir2, probably via inhibiting Drosophila β-secretase (dBACE). Our data suggest that RES rescues the APP-induced behavioral deficits and Aβ burden largely, but not exclusively, via dSir2.

Platelet Transfusion Strategies for MASPAT-Matched Platelet Transfusion Failed Patient with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the causes of ineffectiveness of platelet transfusion with monoclonal antibody solid phase platelet antibody test (MASPAT) matching in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and explore the strategies of platelet transfusion.@*METHODS@#A case of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) induced by transfusion which ultimately resulted in transplantation failure and ineffective platelet transfusion with MASPAT matching was selected, and the causes of ineffective platelet transfusion and platelet transfusion strategy were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The 32-year-old female patient was diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (high risk) in another hospital with the main symptoms of fever and leukopenia, who should be admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after remission by chemotherapy. In the course of chemotherapy, DSA was generated due to platelet transfusion, and had HLA gene loci incompatible with the donor of the first transplant, leading to the failure of the first transplant. The patient received platelet transfusion for several times before and after transplantation, and the results showed that the effective rate of MASPAT matched platelet transfusion was only 35.3%. Further analysis showed that the reason for the ineffective platelet transfusion was due to the missed detection of antibodies by MASPAT method. During the second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the DSA-negative donor was selected, and the matching platelets but ineffective transfusion during the primary transplantation were avoided. Finally, the patient was successfully transplanted and discharged from hospital.@*CONCLUSIONS@#DSA can cause graft failure or render the graft ineffective. For the platelet transfusion of patients with DSA, the platelet transfusion strategy with matching type only using MASPAT method will miss the detection of antibodies, resulting in invalid platelet transfusion.

Correlation Analysis of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Induced by Low Titer Antibody / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish the diagnostic process of low titer blood group antibody in the occurrence of adverse reactions of hemolytic transfusion.@*METHODS@#Acid elusion test, enzyme method and PEG method were used for antibody identification. Combined with the patient's clinical symptoms and relevant inspection indexes, the irregular antibodies leading to hemolysis were detected.@*RESULTS@#The patient's irregular antibody screening was positive, and it was determined that there was anti-Lea antibody in the serum. After the transfusion reaction, the low titer anti-E antibody was detected by enhanced test. The patient's Rh typing was Ccee, while the transfused red blood cells were ccEE. The new and old samples of the patient were matched with the transfused red blood cells by PEG method, and the major were incompatible. The evidence of hemolytic transfusion reaction was found.@*CONCLUSION@#Antibodies with low titer in serum are not easy to be detected, which often lead to severe hemolytic transfusion reaction.

Effectiveness of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma in children: a single-center clinical study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 children with high-risk NB who were admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital and were treated with high-dose chemotherapy combined with ASCT from January 2013 to December 2021, and their clinical features and prognosis were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 29 children treated by high-dose chemotherapy combined with ASCT, there were 18 boys (62%) and 11 girls (38%), with a median age of onset of 36 (27, 59) months. According to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System, 6 children (21%) had stage III NB and 23 children (79%) had stage IV NB, and the common metastatic sites at initial diagnosis were bone in 22 children (76%), bone marrow in 21 children (72%), and intracalvarium in 4 children (14%). All 29 children achieved reconstruction of hematopoietic function after ASCT. After being followed up for a median time of 25 (17, 45) months, 21 children (72%) had continuous complete remission and 8 (28%) experienced recurrence. The 3-year overall survival rate and event-free survival rate were 68.9%±16.1% and 61.4%±14.4%, respectively. Presence of bone marrow metastasis, neuron-specific enolase ≥370 ng/mL and positive bone marrow immunophenotyping might reduce the 3-year event-free survival rate (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with high-risk NB who have bone marrow metastasis at initial diagnosis tend to have a poor prognosis. ASCT combined with high-dose chemotherapy can effectively improve the prognosis of children with NB with a favorable safety profile.

Analysis of genotypes on 850 newborns with SLC26A4 single-allele mutation and the phenotypes of those with second variant / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To clarify the phenotypes of the newborns with SLC26A4 single-allele mutation in deafness genetic screening and second variant; to analyze the SLC26A4 genotype and hearing phenotype. Methods: 850 newborns born in Beijing from April 2015 to December 2019 were included and there were 468 males and 382 females. They received genetic deafness screening for 9 or 15 variants, with the result of SLC26A4 single-allele mutation. Firstly, three step deafness gene sequencing was adopted in this work, i.e., the first step was "SLC26A4 gene whole exons and splice sites" sequencing; the second step was "SLC26A4 gene promoter, FOXI1 gene and KCNJ10 gene whole exons" sequencing; and the third step was detection for "SLC26A4 gene copy number variation". Secondly, we collected the results of newborn hearing screening for all patients with the second mutation found in the three step test, and conducted audiological examinations, such as acoustic immittance, auditory brainstem response and auditory steady state response. Thirdly, for novel/VUS mutations, we searched the international deafness gene database or software, such as DVD, ClinVar and Mutation Taster, to predict the pathogenicity of mutations according to the ACMG guideline. Lastly, we analyzed the relationship between genotype and phenotype of newborns with SLC26A4 single allele mutation. Results: Among 850 cases, the median age of diagnosis was 4 months. In the first step, 850 cases were sequenced. A total of 32 cases (3.76%, 32/850) of a second variants were detected, including 18 cases (2.12%, 18/850) with identified pathogenic variants; 832 cases were sequenced and 8 cases of KCNJ10 gene missense variants were detected among the second step. No missense mutations in the FOXI1 gene and abnormal SLC26A4 gene promoter were detected; the third step sequencing results were all negative. Genotypes and hearing phenotypes included 18 cases combined with the second clear pathogenic variant, 16 cases (16/18) referred newborn hearing screening and 2 cases (2/18) passed in both ears; degree of hearing loss consisted of 18 profound ears (18/36), 13 severe ears (13/36) and 5 moderate ears (5/36); audiogram patterns comprised 17 high frequency drop ears (17/36), 14 flat ears (14/36), 3 undistinguished ears (3/36), and 2 U shaped ears (2/36); 11 cases underwent imaging examination, all of which were bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct. As for 22 cases of other genotypes, all passed neonatal hearing screening and the hearing diagnosis was normal, including 9 cases with VUS or possibly novel benign variants, 8 cases with KCNJ10 double gene heterozygous variants, and 5 cases with double heterozygous variants. Conclusions: The probability of individuals with SLC26A4 single-allele variant who merge with a second pathogenic variant is 2.12%, all of which are SNV, which can provide scientific basis for the genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling of SLC26A4 variants. Those who have merged with second pathogenic variant are all diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with KCNJ10 gene mutations do not manifest hearing loss during the infancy, suggesting the need for further follow-up.

Preparation of Huoluo Xiaoling gel plaster and its transdermal penetration in vitro / 中国中药杂志

Huoluo Xiaoling Dan is a classical prescription commonly used for blood circulation and pain relief in clinic with obvious effects. To make it directly treat lesion and improve the effect, this research optimized the preparation process of Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste and further evaluated its in vitro transdermal absorption performance, so as to provide a scientific basis for its development and utilization. Using primary viscosity, holding viscosity, and sensory score as evaluation indexes, the matrix amount of gel paste was determined by the single factor test and Box-Behnken response surface method. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) method was established to determine the content of eight active ingredients, including Danshensu, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, ligustilide, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, 11-keto-β-boswellic(KBA), and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid(AKBA). A mo-dified Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate and compare the absorption properties of the gel paste without volatile oil and with volatile oil microemulsion. The results showed that the optimal prescription for Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste matrix was NP700(1.35 g), glycerol(7.00 g), micropowder silica gel(1.25 g), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(0.20 g), tartaric acid(0.06 g), and glyceryl aluminum(0.04 g). The mass fractions of eight active ingredients in the paste were successively 0.48, 0.014, 0.95, 0.39, 0.57, 0.055, 0.35, and 0.97 mg·g~(-1). The results of the in vitro transdermal absorption test showed that the addition of the volatile oil or the volatile oil microemulsion promoted the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients, and the law of drug penetration conformed to the zero equation or the Higuchi equation. The gel paste prepared by the optimal prescription has good appearance and adhesion, with no residue, and has the characteristics of skeletal slow-release preparation, which is easy to reduce the number of administration, la-ying a foundation for the development of new external dosage forms of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan.

Consistency and influencing factors in parents knowledge, attitude and practice about early childhood sex education in rural areas / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the consistency and factors influencing rural parents knowledge, attitude and practice about early childhood sex education, so as to put forward effective suggestions and countermeasures for improving childhood sex education in rural areas.@*Methods@#A multi stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of early childhood sex education among 1 015 parents in 16 kindergartens in rural areas of Sichuan from March to May 2019. Chi square text and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting the consistency of parents knowledge, attitude and practice of childhood sex education.@*Results@#Nearly 64.9%, 85.9% and 44.7% of parents with sufficient knowledge, support, and implement of early children s sex education, respectively, and the consistency rate of knowledge, attitude and practice were 30.2%. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that parents aged <31 years ( OR= 5.35 , 95%CI =2.93-9.77), 31-40 years ( OR=4.82, 95%CI =2.65-8.76) and 41-50 years ( OR=2.37, 95%CI =1.10-5.11), and the mother s education level being middle school ( OR=3.67, 95%CI =1.75-7.69), secondary/high school ( OR=2.83, 95%CI =1.32-6.05) and college/bachelor s degree and above ( OR=5.44, 95%CI =2.23-12.98), sex related questions asked by child ( OR=2.00, 95%CI =1.44-2.78), having sex education in the family ( OR=5.38, 95% CI =3.82-7.59), believing that parents should be responsible for sex education for young children ( OR=2.58, 95%CI =1.40-4.74) had a higher consistency rate of knowledge, attitude and practice in early childhood sex education ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#In rural areas of Sichuan, although parents highly support early childhood sex education, the eligible rate of knowledge and the implementing rate are quite low, as well as the consistent rate of knowledge, attitude and practice. Relevant departments should pay attention to strengthen publicity and education, especially among older parents, low educated parents and those opposed to or not yet implementing child sex education.

Death among children under five years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@# To analyze the death among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 and 2021, so as to provide insights into reduction of mortality among children. @*Methods@#The mortality surveillance data among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from Children Death Report Cards and Surveillance Report among Children under 5 Years of Age, including gender, place of residence, date of death and death diagnosis. The trends in mortality and cause of death were analyzed among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021.@*Results@#A total of 1 262 deaths occurred among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, with mean annual mortality of 4.39‰, and the mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline (χ2trend=132.695, P<0.001). A total of 899 infants died, with mean annual mortality of 3.13‰, and 363 children at ages of 1 to <5 years died, with mean annual mortality of 1.26‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both infants (χ2trend=117.778, P<0.001) and children at ages of 1 to <5 years (χ2trend=19.201, P<0.001). A total of 724 local children died, with mean annual mortality of 3.33‰, and there were 538 deaths among floating children, with mean annual mortality of 7.65‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both local (χ2trend=43.728, P<0.001) and floating children (χ2trend=94.038, P<0.001). The five most common causes of death included preterm birth or low birth weight (207 deaths, 16.40%), drowning (155 deaths, 12.28%), accidental asphyxia (138 deaths, 10.94%), other congenital abnormalities (126 deaths, 9.98%), and congenital heart diseases (113 deaths, 8.95%). @*Conclusions @#The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and preterm birth or low birth weight was the predominant cause of death.

Superior mesenteric veinous thrombosis with Bacteroides fragilis infection: a case report / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Superior mesenteric veinous thrombosis (SMVT) is a rare complication that often occurs in conjunction with intra-abdominal diseases such as diverticulitis, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Its clinical symptoms are non-specific and include fevers, abdominal pain; it has no specific symptoms, and the diagnosis depends on clinical laboratory tests and imaging studies. The occurrence of superior mesenteric veinous thrombophlebitis is related to septic phlebitis caused by the sloughing of the embolus containing bacteria into the portal vein with blood flow. Due to the nonspecific clinical features of this disease, diagnosing it based on clinical characteristics and microbiological aspects is a challenge. A case of superior mesenteric veinous septic thrombophlebitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis infection is reported and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. The patient was a 34-year-old man who was admitted the hospital with intermittent abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography (CT) showed partial thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, colonoscopy revealed diverticulitis in the ileoceca, and the blood culture grew Bacteroides fragilis. The patient was treated with anti-infection (ceftazidime 2.0 g q12h intravenous infusion for 11 days; metronidazole 0.5 g, q8h intravenous infusion for 3 days) and anticoagulation (rivaroxaban 20 mg qd orally for 8 days. On the 11th day of hospitalization, the patient's condition improved, and he was discharged. In this case, for patients with fever and abdominal pain, superior mesenteric venous thrombophlebitis should be included in the differential diagnosis. Through auxiliary examination, blood sample culture and other technologies, clear diagnosis should be made in time to improve patient outcomes.

Chinese medicinal bath on athletes' sport muscle fatigue / Efeitos do banho medicinal chinês na fadiga muscular esportiva dos atletas / Efectos del baño medicinal chino en la fatiga muscular deportiva de los atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Fifth International Conference on Sports Biochemistry defines sports fatigue as the physiological process of dysfunction at a certain level or inability to maintain predetermined exercise intensity. When left untreated, it can cause adverse effects to the musculoskeletal system. Natural alternatives for controlling sports fatigue exist in Chinese culture, but scientific research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these treatments. Objective: This study aimed to verify the effect of traditional Chinese medicinal baths on athletes' muscle fatigue. Methods: 100 athletes with exercise-induced muscle fatigue were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received ganglioside injection combined with therapeutic exercise protocols, while the experimental group received the medicinal bath based on traditional Chinese medicine. Tonus of adductors, ischiotibials, gastrocnemius, in addition to lower limb motor function, was evaluated. Results: The total effective rate (90.8%) of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (72.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, adductor, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscle tension in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Gross motor function assessment score (GMFM-88), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10m walking speed on a 20cm wide walkway (MWS) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chinese herbal lavender lotion combined with suspension exercise can effectively improve the body's muscle strength after exercises, accelerate the recovery of muscle strength, and significantly reduce exercise-induced muscle fatigue. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução: A Quinta Conferência Internacional de Bioquímica Esportiva, define a fadiga esportiva como o processo fisiológico de disfunção em um determinado nível ou incapacidade de manter uma intensidade de exercício predeterminada. Quando não tratada, pode causar efeitos adversos ao sistema musculoesquelético. Há alternativas naturais para o controle da fadiga esportiva na cultura chinesa, mas pesquisas científicas são necessárias afim de descobrir a real efetividade desses tratamentos. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito do banho medicinal tradicional da medicina chinesa na fadiga muscular de atletas. Métodos: 100 atletas com fadiga muscular induzida por exercícios foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. O grupo controle recebeu injeção de gangliosideo combinada com protocolos de exercícios terapêuticos enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu o banho medicinal baseado na medicina tradicional chinesa. Foi avaliado o tônus de adutores, isquiotibiais, gastrocnêmios além da função motora dos membros inferiores. Resultados: A taxa efetiva total (90,8%) do grupo de observação foi superior à do grupo controle (72,3%) e a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (P<0,05). Após o tratamento, a tensão muscular adutores, jarrete e gastrocnêmio no grupo de observação foi menor que o grupo controle (P<0,05). O escore bruto de avaliação da função motora (GMFM-88), escore de escala de balanço de Berg (BBS), velocidade de caminhada de 10m em uma passarela de 20cm de largura (MWS) no grupo de observação foram maiores do que os do grupo controle (P<0,05). Conclusão: A loção de lavanda de ervas chinesas combinada com o exercício de suspensão pode melhorar efetivamente a força muscular do corpo após os exercícios, acelerar a recuperação da força muscular e reduzir significativamente a fadiga muscular induzida pelo exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Quinta Conferencia Internacional de Bioquímica del Deporte, define la fatiga deportiva como el proceso fisiológico de disfunción a un determinado nivel o incapacidad para mantener una intensidad de ejercicio predeterminada. Si no se trata, puede causar efectos adversos en el sistema musculoesquelético. Existen alternativas naturales para el control de la fatiga deportiva en la cultura china, pero se necesita una investigación científica para descubrir la eficacia real de estos tratamientos. Objetivo: Verificar el efecto del baño medicinal tradicional de la medicina china sobre la fatiga muscular de los atletas. Métodos: 100 atletas con fatiga muscular inducida por el ejercicio fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El grupo de control recibió una inyección de gangliósidos combinada con protocolos de ejercicio terapéutico, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió el baño medicinal basado en la medicina tradicional china. Se evaluó el tono de los aductores, los isquiotibiales y los gastrocnemios, además de la función motora de los miembros inferiores. Resultados: La tasa efectiva total (90,8%) del grupo de observación fue superior a la del grupo de control (72,3%) y la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P<0,05). Tras el tratamiento, la tensión de los músculos aductores, jarretes y gastrocnemios en el grupo de observación fue inferior a la del grupo de control (P<0,05). La puntuación de la evaluación de la función motora gruesa (GMFM-88), la puntuación de la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg (BBS) y la velocidad de marcha de 10 m en una pasarela de 20 cm de ancho (MWS) en el grupo de observación fueron mayores que las del grupo de control (P<0,05). Conclusión: La loción de hierbas chinas de lavanda combinada con el ejercicio de suspensión puede mejorar eficazmente la fuerza muscular del cuerpo después de los ejercicios, acelerar la recuperación de la fuerza muscular y reducir significativamente la fatiga muscular inducida por el ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

The efficacy of function?preservation in treating paranasal sinus and nasal cavity neoplasms

Background: Craniofacial resection (CFR) has been regarded as the gold standard for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity (PNSNC) neoplasms. The improvement of surgical procedures has been ongoing in recent years. We analyzed the clinical curative effects of the function-preservation therapy that was mainly using nasal endoscopic surgery along with appropriate radiotherapy and chemotherapy as applicable. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of factors that influence the survival time of the 28 patients with PNSNC neoplasms who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery. All patients with tumor lesions underwent a complete resection in en bloc or piecemeal resection. Five cases did not undergo radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the remaining 23 patients had multimodality therapy. Results: The median follow-up time was 41.5 (range = 14–97) months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 78.57% for T3 cancer and 50% for those with T4. T classification (P = 0.031) and multimodality therapy (P = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative 3-year survival rate of patients with PNSNC neoplasms. Conclusion: Function-preservation therapy based on the minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) with appropriate adjuvant therapy not only prolonged the overall survival time but also provided an opportunity to preserve organ function at the same time, which helped to improve the patients’ quality of life

Diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation combined with EBUS-GS & ROSE in peripheral pulmonary nodules

Background & objectives: Recently, there has been a surge to develop new devices and techniques for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions such as the combination of LungPoint navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS). The present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation in combination with EBUS-GS and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) particularly for peripheral pulmonary nodules. Methods: Patients (n=108) with pulmonary nodules (10 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm) presenting to Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were detected using chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning and bronchoscopy. All patients were evaluated using LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS and ROSE techniques to evaluate the positive rate of combined diagnosis using the three methods. Results: A total of 108 patients participated in this study and successfully underwent all the three procedures. Of these, 82 patients were accurately diagnosed, making the overall diagnostic rate of 75.9 per cent for combined LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS, and ROSE analyses. Further subgroup analysis of the diagnostic rate of the three combined techniques were conducted based on the size of the nodules which showed a diagnostic rate of 65.3 per cent for 10 mm ? nodule diameter ?20 mm and 85.7 per cent for 20 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm. Of the 108 patients, 85 had solid nodules and 23 had ground-glass nodules; the positive rate of diagnosis of solid nodules was the highest. The patients ultimately were diagnosed with lung cancer with a positive rate of 83.5 per cent. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predicted values for ROSE were 90.3, 78.3, 84.8 and 83.6 per cent, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The combined use of the three techniques can effectively shorten the duration of the total diagnosis period and improve the safety of diagnosis without affecting the detection rate.

Protective effects of Baicalin injection on severe acute pancreatitis through regulating follistatin-like-1 signaling pathway by down-regulating miR-429 expression in mice

Abstract In China, Scutellaria is used for treating inflammatory-related diseases. Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria and has protective effects on acute pancreatitis. However, the mechanism of Baicalin is still unclear. In this study, the protective effects of baicalin on acute pancreatitis induced by taurocholate and its mechanism are investigated. In this study, mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, model, and treatment groups. Acute pancreatitis in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of taurocholate (35 mg/kg). The treatment group was given baicalin (100 mg/kg) 2 h before acute pancreatitis induction. The mRNA expression levels of miR-429, nuclear factor kappa B65(NF-kB65), toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), TNF receptor associated factor6 (TRAF6), NF-kappa-B inhibitor(IkB), Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) in the liver tissues 24 h after intraperitoneal injection were detected by RT-PCR. Then, the expression levels of NF-kB65, p-NF-κB65, TLR4, TRAF6, IkB, FSTL1, IRAK, p- IRAK, and p- IkB-а proteins were detected by Western blot. IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1 ß in plasma were measured by ELISA, and histopathological changes in the pancreases of the mice were observed. The results showed that after baicalin treatment, miR-429 expression in the pancreatic tissues and the expression levels of NF-kB65, TLR4, TRAF6, p-IkB-а, FSTL1, and p-IRAK decreased. Similarly, pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-а, IL-12, IL-1ß1, endotoxin, serum amylase, and lipase were reduced. Thus, the pancreatic injury induced by taurocholate was alleviated. The present study indicates that pretreatment with Baicalin can alleviate acute pancreatic injury induced by taurocholate in mice. The mechanism may be associated with the decreased miR-429 expression, reduced FSTL1 signaling pathway activity, TLR4 and TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway inhibition, and reduced pancreatic inflammation. FSTL1 is the regulatory target for miR-429

Correlation between serum VEGF level and clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia of different genders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its correlation with clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients of different genders.Methods:From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 81 first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients(patient group, 41 male, 40 female) and 64 healthy controls (control group, 40 male, 24 female) were included in this study.The serum level of VEGF was detected with flow cytometric bear array (CBA). Positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the relevant clinical symptoms of patients.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test and nonparametric test were used for comparison between groups.The relationship between VEGF and clinical variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:The level of serum VEGF in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group(148.08(75.89, 208.61)pg/mL, 179.94(99.14, 318.41)pg/mL, Z=-2.20, P=0.028). The total PANSS score((82.71±17.30), (73.45±16.36), t=2.473, P=0.016)and cognitive score((7.88±3.36), (6.23±2.81), t=2.402, P=0.019) in male patients were higher than those in female patients.There was a negative correlation between VEGF level and PANSS negative symptom score in the patient group( r=-0.228, P=0.041), as well as significant negtive correlation between VEGF level and cognitive score in male patients( r=-0.425, P=0.007). Conclusion:The level of serum VEGF is reduced in first-episode patients with schizophrenia, which influences their negative symptom. Moreover, the decline in serum VEGF level is implicated in cognitive impairments in male patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Evaluation on the efficacy of moxifloxacin hydrochloride based on physiological pharmacokinetic models / 药学学报

This study is to establish and validation in vivo models of moxifloxacin based on the theory of physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), and then to predict the distribution of moxifloxacin in human venous return and organ such as lung, spleen and so on. The efficacy of moxifloxacin and its pharmaceutical preparations were quantified by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters with the minimum inhibitory concentration of related pathogenic bacterium. The results showed that the anti-infection efficacy of pharmaceutical moxifloxacin preparation in the corresponding organs was basically the same. The PBPK model of moxifloxacin preparations can be more accurately described the pharmacokinetic of anti-infective drugs in human, it is suitable for the efficacy evaluation of anti-infective drugs and provides a strong basis for the corresponding scientific research and scientific supervision.

CiteSpace knowledge map analysis of research progress on Tripterygium wilfordii toxicity / 中国中药杂志

This study systematically searched CNKI and Web of Science(WoS) for the research papers on the toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii included from database inception to August 31, 2021, and visually displayed the authors, research institutions, keywords, and other contents using bibliometrics and CiteSpace 5.8.3. Furthermore, the current situation and research progress on T. wilfordii safety were also analyzed based on information extraction to find the research hotspot, evolution path, and development trend, and to provide references for future research. A total of 1 876 Chinese papers and 243 English papers were included in the study. The analysis of authors showed that WANG Qi and ZHANG Luyong had the most publications in Chinese and English papers, respectively. According to the analysis of research institutions, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and China Pharmaceutical University possessed the largest number of Chinese and English papers, respectively, but there was less cooperation between them. The analysis of keywords in Chinese and English papers showed that the research contents of the safety of T. wilfordii mainly focused on clinical monitoring, mechanism, dosage form improvement, quality standard, component analysis, monomer research, efficiency and toxicity reduction, etc. Metabonomics, tripterine, and the underlying mechanism of toxicity were the research hotspots in the future. At present, the research on the toxicity of T. wilfordii is still under development. It is necessary to highlight the in-depth research and strengthen the inter-group and inter-region cooperation of authors or institutions to provide references for the research on the toxicity of T. wilfordii.

Metabolomics analysis reveals the renal protective effect of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey in type 1 diabetic rats / 中国天然药物

The dry root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey has garnered much interest owing to its medicinal properties against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to illustrate the therapeutic mechanisms of ginseng extract on the serum and urinary metabolic profiles in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats. Pharmacological and renal parameters in response to the administration of ginseng were also evaluated. In total, 16 serum endogenous metabolites and 14 urine endogenous metabolites, including pyruvic acid, indoleacetic acid, and phenylacetylglycine, were identified as potential biomarkers for diabetes. Pathway enrichment and network analysis revealed that the biomarkers modulated by ginseng were primarily involved in phenylalanine and pyruvate metabolism, as well as in arginine biosynthesis. Moreover, the levels of several renal injury-related biomarkers in T1DM rats were significantly restored following treatment with ginseng. The administration of the extract helped maintain tissue structure integrity and ameliorated renal injury. The findings suggest that the regulatory effect of ginseng extract on T1DM involves metabolic management of diabetic rats, which subsequently attenuates T1DM-induced early renal dysfunction.

Mechanisms of Compound Kushen Injection for the treatment of bladder cancer based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology with experimental validation / 中国天然药物

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Chinese medicinal preparation that has been widely used in the treatment of various types of cancers in the past two decades. However, the pharmacological effect of CKI on bladder cancer is not still completely understood. In the current study, network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism and potential targets of CKI in bladder cancer. The mechanism by which CKI was effective against bladder cancer was further verified in vitro using human bladder cancer cell line T24. Network pharmacology analysis identified 35 active compounds and 268 target genes of CKI. Bioinformatics data indicated 5500 differentially expressed genes associated with bladder cancer. Common genes of CKI and bladder cancer suggested that CKI exerted anti-bladder cancer effects by regulating genes such as MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CKI exerted therapeutic effects on bladder cancer by regulating certain biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell apoptosis. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis implicated pathways related to cancer, bladder cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, cell experiments indicated that CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration of T24 cells, and induced their apoptosis. Moreover, RT-qPCR and Western blot results demonstrated that CKI was likely to treat bladder cancer by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced the apoptosis of T24 bladder cancer cells through multiple biological pathways and targets. CKI also exhibited significant effects on the regulation of key genes and proteins associated with bladder cancer. Overall, our findings provide solid evidence and deepen current understanding of the therapeutic effects of CKI for bladder cancer, and further support its clinical use.

The overall distribution pattern of the hand's cutaneous nerves and its clinical implications in sensory reconstruction / Patrón de distribución general de los nervios cutáneos de la mano y sus implicancias clínicas en la reconstrucción sensorial

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to reveal the overall distribution pattern of the hand's cutaneous nerves to provide a morphological basis for the selection and matching of the hand skin for sensory reconstruction during flap transplantation. The hands of 12 adult cadavers were used for the study. Palmar region and dorsum of the hand were divided into regions I-VI. The skin of the hand containing subcutaneous fat was removed close to the muscle surface. The modified Sihler's staining method was used to visualize the overall distribution pattern of the cutaneous nerves and the areas they innervate. The median nerve, superficial branch of the ulnar nerve, and the superficial branch of the radial nerve innervated 59.27 % (containing 4.65 % of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve), 36.91 %, and 3.82 % of the palm area, respectively. The superficial branch of the radial nerve, the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, and the median nerve innervated 45.16 %, 47.25 %, and 7.59 % of the hand's dorsal skin area, respectively. Communication was found between the arborized branches of these cutaneous nerves. Region III of the palm and region VI of the dorsum of the hand had relatively more dense nerve distribution. Except for region V, the density of the total nerve branches in each palm region was higher than that of the dorsum of the hand. The total number of nerve branches in the distal phalanx and dorsum decreased from the thumb to the digitus minimus. Our results provide morphological guidance when designing a reasonable matching flap to improve the hand's sensory function reconstruction.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar el patrón de distribución general de los nervios cutáneos de la mano y proporcionar una base morfológica para la selección y adaptación de la piel de la mano, para la reconstrucción sensorial durante el trasplante de colgajo. Para el estudio se utilizaron 12 manos de cadáveres adultos. Las regiones palmar y dorsal se dividieron en regiones I-VI. La piel de la mano que contiene grasa subcutánea se eliminó cerca de la superficie del músculo. Para visualizar el patrón de distribución general de los nervios cutáneos y las áreas que inervan se utilizó el método de tinción de Sihler modificado. El nervio mediano, la rama superficial del nervio ulnar y la rama superficial del nervio radial inervaban el 59,27 % (que contenía el 4,65 % de la rama cutánea palmar del nervio mediano), el 36,91 % y el 3,82 % del área de la palma, respectivamente. La rama super-ficial del nervio radial, la rama dorsal del nervio ulnar y el nervio mediano inervaban el 45,16 %, el 47,25 % y el 7,59 % del área dorsal de la mano, respectivamente. Se observó comunicación entre las ramas arborizadas de estos nervios cutáneos. La región III de la palma y la región VI del dorso de la mano tenían una distribución nerviosa relativamente más densa. A excepción de la región V, la densidad de las ramas nerviosas totales en cada región de la palma fue mayor que el dorso de la mano. El número total de ramas nerviosas en la falange distal y el dorso disminuyó desde el pulgar hasta el dedo mínimo. Nuestros resultados proporcionan una guía morfológica al diseñar un colgajo compatible razonable para mejorar la reconstrucción de la función sensorial de la mano.